Asthma

The newest FDA-approved treatment for weight management and type 2 diabetes.

Includes tirzepatide, a medication that acts on two important hormones: GLP-1 and GIP.

This dual-action approach helps suppress appetite while also supporting better blood sugar regulation.

Intended to deliver improved results when used alongside lifestyle modifications.

Approved for weight management in adults who are overweight or obese.

Contains semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist medication.

Works by mimicking a natural hormone that influences the brain’s appetite regulation centers.

Supports reduced hunger and calorie consumption to encourage long-term weight loss.

Although oral and injectable weight loss medications can contain the same active ingredient (like semaglutide), their chemical formulations are specifically tailored to their method of delivery. Injectable medications are administered directly into the bloodstream, while oral medications must withstand the digestive process, resulting in different designs to maintain their effectiveness.

Key distinctions include:

• Injectables bypass the digestive tract, allowing for more efficient absorption; oral medications often require absorption enhancers.
• Oral tablets are formulated with protective coatings and carriers to withstand stomach acid.
• Injectables are often chemically more stable, especially for peptide-based drugs.
• Injectables generally allow for higher drug levels in the blood.
• Oral tablets contain more excipients (binders, coatings, etc.) than injectables.

Oral weight loss medications can be effective, but they don’t always function identically to injectable treatments. Even when containing the same active ingredient, oral medications are absorbed differently, which can slightly impact how much of the drug is available to work in the body.

That said, for many individuals, oral options offer a convenient and clinically effective alternative.

Key points:

• Oral medications may deliver lower drug levels into the bloodstream compared to injectables.
• Higher oral doses are often used to make up for reduced absorption.
• Clinical trials show that oral semaglutide (like Rybelsus) can produce weight loss comparable to injections in some individuals.
• For those who prefer to avoid injections, oral treatments provide an effective option when taken as directed and consistently.

Asthma has a multifaceted origin, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Common causes and triggers of asthma symptoms include:

Allergens: Substances like pollen, dust mites, pet dander, mold, and cockroach droppings can trigger asthma symptoms in sensitive individuals.

Respiratory Infections: Viral infections, such as colds and flu, can exacerbate asthma symptoms and trigger attacks.

Irritants: Tobacco smoke, air pollution, strong odors, and chemical fumes can irritate the airways and lead to asthma symptoms.

Exercise: Physical activity, particularly in cold or dry environments, can induce symptoms in some individuals.

Cold Air: Breathing in cold air can cause airway constriction and provoke asthma symptoms.

Emotional Factors: Stress and strong emotions can impact asthma symptoms in some people.

Occupational Exposures: Workplace substances like dust, chemicals, and fumes can trigger or worsen asthma symptoms in certain occupations.

Diagnosing asthma involves a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare provider. The diagnostic process typically includes:

Medical History: The healthcare provider will inquire about your symptoms, triggers, family history of asthma, and any previous lung-related conditions.

Physical Examination: A physical exam will be conducted to assess lung function and check for signs of respiratory distress.

Spirometry: This lung function test measures how much air you can inhale and exhale and how quickly you can do so. It helps assess the severity of airflow obstruction.

Peak Flow Measurement: This test involves using a peak flow meter to measure how fast you can exhale. It helps monitor changes in airflow over time.
Allergy Testing: If allergies are suspected as triggers, allergy tests may be performed to identify specific allergens.

Methacholine Challenge: In some cases, a methacholine challenge test may be conducted to determine the responsiveness of your airways.

Asthma management aims to control symptoms, reduce inflammation, and prevent exacerbations. Treatment options are tailored to individual needs and may include:

Bronchodilators: Short-acting bronchodilators provide quick relief by relaxing airway muscles and easing breathing during acute episodes. Long-acting bronchodilators are used for maintenance.

Inhaled Corticosteroids: These anti-inflammatory medications reduce airway inflammation and help prevent asthma symptoms.

Combination Inhalers: These inhalers contain both a bronchodilator and an inhaled corticosteroid for both quick relief and long-term control.

Biologics: These targeted therapies are used for severe asthma cases and aim to block specific immune responses.

Leukotriene Modifiers: These medications block substances that contribute to inflammation and constriction of the airways.

Immunotherapy: Allergy shots can help desensitize the immune response to specific allergens.

Lifestyle Modifications: Identifying and avoiding triggers, maintaining a healthy weight, staying active, and managing stress can contribute to asthma control.

While asthma cannot be fully prevented, certain measures can help reduce the frequency and severity of asthma attacks:

Identify Triggers: Work with a healthcare provider to identify and avoid asthma triggers that worsen symptoms.

Medication Adherence: Follow your prescribed asthma management plan and take medications as directed.

Flu and Pneumonia Vaccinations: Annual flu shots and pneumonia vaccines can help prevent respiratory infections that may trigger asthma symptoms.

Air Quality: Minimize exposure to tobacco smoke, indoor allergens, and air pollutants to maintain better air quality at home.

Asthma Action Plan: Work with your healthcare provider to create a personalized asthma action plan outlining steps to take during symptom flare-ups.

Read more about Asthma on the NHS website, following the links below:

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/asthma/

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/asthma/diagnosis/